Xu Guanhua： Zhou Guangzhao’s scientific light will always shine

Science and Technology Department of the People’s Republic of China

On November 15, 2011, this is my unforgettable day.At the Beijing Conference Center, at the meeting of the “973 Program” expert consultant group, Mr. Zhou Guangzhao gave a summary speech on the “973 Plan” task.As soon as the speech ended, my husband suddenly bleated and fainted beside me.Although he was taken to the hospital in time, after three major bleeding and 2 major operations, he could no longer recover, and he could no longer return to the scientific cause of his love and struggling for a lifetime.Whenever I think of this scene, I always feel like a feeling in my heart, and I can’t be calm for a long time.Mr. Guang Zhao dedicated him to his motherland and science throughout his life, and made a great contribution to the vigorous development of my country’s scientific cause.

Today, I would like to congratulate Mr.’s birthday in the 95th birthday. I am very important and meaningful to my scientific thinking and scientific spirit of my sir.In January 2019, after Mr. Yu Min left us, of the 23 scientists who were awarded the “Two Booths and One Star” medal in 1999, only Wang Xiji, Sun Jiadong and Zhou Guangzhao were currently healthy.Only Mr. Zhou Guangzhao.The older generation of scientists has too many valuable ideas and experiences worthy of our serious summary and refinement.I think the best commemorative is inheritance, and the best comfort is for progress. Only under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with the General Secretary of the Supreme Leadership, we will better inherit and carry forward their scientific spirit and scientific thoughts. Their best commemorative can promote greater breakthroughs and better development in my country’s scientific undertakings.

My husband and I have known each other for more than 30 years.(figure 1)EssenceOver the years, my husband has given me a lot of help in work and academics.His husband has been sick for nearly 13 years. He has always visited Mr. in these years, as if he always emerges his sincere smile and kind face, and can always encourage me and strength.The gentleman’s academic spirit, the rigid scholar, the rigorous academic style, and a peaceful attitude of life always inspired me silently, which benefited me a lot.Today, taking this opportunity, I want to use 7 points to express my understanding of my husband’s scientific spirit and scientific thoughts, and my feelings for my husband.

figure 1 for Mr. Zhou Guangzhao in the author’s house.

Mr. Guangzhao’s spirit has established a monument for the times

Since 1840, China has become a semi -colonial and semi -feudal society.From the Opium War to the founding of New China in 1949, China suffered more than 470 foreign aggression; in the 65 years of 1840 to 1905, China was forced to sign an unequal treaty as high as 745.Delivery to make China a strong country who is no longer insulted, is the dream of countless people and ambitious intellectuals.The “May 4th Movement” awakened people held the banner of “patriotism, progress, democracy, and science”, and believed that science was the ladder of social evolution.In the context of such an era, Mr. Guang Zhao spent his childhood and teenagers. The years of suffering created his unwavering patriotic spirit, the broad mind of the world, and self -improvement of personality.

When the New China was established in 1949, there were only more than 30 scientific research institutions left by the old China, and there were no more than 50,000 scientific and technological personnel in the country.It can be said that New China has begun modern science and technology.In the spring of 1957, in response to the party’s call, Mr. Guang Zhao took the mission of “entering science” and went to the Soviet Dubana United Nuclear Research Institute to engage in particle physics research.Mr. Guang Zhao cherishes the precious opportunities given by the country and studies hard. He has won the scientific research bonus of the United Atomic Nuclear Research Institute twice in 4 years.EssenceIn June 1959, the Soviet Union teared the agreement unilaterally and refused to aid my country’s development of atomic bombs. In July 1960, all experts in China were removed and took away drawings and information.After Mr. Guang Zhao was informed, he filled with indignation and strongly asked to return to China to engage in the research of atomic bullets.He wrote in the determination of the Minister of the Second Machinery Department: “As a scientist trained in New China, I am willing to give up my own basic theoretical research for many years and change to work in the country’s urgent need. We will always follow the call of the motherland!”

Under the inspiration of such a firm conviction, in 1961, Mr. Guang Zhao returned to the motherland. As one of the founders of my country’s nuclear weapons technology, it was 19 years at the Chinese Institute of Engineering Physics. The nuclear weapon career has made historic contributions to the successful development of my country’s first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb.Subsequently, it was promoting the “863” plan and the “973” plan, the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the institutionalization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the establishment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the construction of a Beijing positive and negative electronic collision machine, the establishment of the China Higher Science and Technology Center, promoting agricultural science and technologyA series of major work such as the “Huanghuaihai Battle” made an indelible contribution.

The great era has created a great figure.For decades, no matter which position and work in, Mr. alone has always thought of the motherland and the people. He used his punch and naked heart for the development of the motherland’s scientific cause.The breeding of the people.This year is Mr. Guangzhao’s 95th birthday. It coincides with the 105th anniversary of the “May 4th Movement” and the 75th anniversary of the founding of New China.

“Seven Points of Scientific Spirit” is the profound philosophical thinking of Mr.

Mr. Zhou Guangzhao’s unremitting demand and thinking about the scientific cause for nearly 75 years has given him a deeper understanding of the connotation of the scientific spirit.In the 1990s, he proposed that the scientific spirit was the thorough materialism spirit, which was summarized into 7 main points(The following is referred to as “Seven Points of Scientific Spirit”)Essence

1. Objectiveness and pursuit of truth are the primary requirements of the scientific spirit.

2. The development of the world is endlessly changing. Therefore, knowing the task is endless, and constant knowledge of knowledge is the requirement of the scientific spirit.

3.. Do not follow the trend, not superstitious authority, do not regard accidental nature as inevitable, and do not consider parts as the whole.It is not easy to believe that the so -called “new discovery” that has not been proven and strictly scientific inference under strict methods and strict scientific reasoning.Scientific skepticism is an integral part of the scientific spirit.

4. 4.. The specific truth is relatively truthful and can be broken. The spirit of innovation is an important part of the scientific spirit.

5. The newly discovered truth must include the content of the original truth.Innovation should be carried out on the basis of inheritance. Inheriting all the objective laws and correct theories proved by scientific methods is a necessary part of the spirit of scientific innovation.

6. Science is an organized group activity in society.Therefore, team spirit, democratic style, and hundreds of competition are part of the scientific spirit.

7. Science must not only understand the objective laws of the world, but also participate in social changes and promote social progress.This is also the requirement of the scientific spirit to develop from a rational understanding to the practice of change.

The “Seven Points of Scientific Spirit” is the wisdom crystallization of Mr. Guangzhao’s scientific exploration in his life, and it is also the basic follow of his scientific practice in his life.He used “seeking truth” and “only”, that is, “pursuing truth and seeking truth from facts” as the two most fundamental aspects of the scientific spirit.From his and colleagues to calculate the data error of the Soviet reserved data with the “maximum work”, ending for several months of academic controversy, and then to the way to abandon the “lighting” in the exploration of the hydrogen bomb principle, he reflects that he does not not do not.The scholars who are not only books, not only, unattended, and only real.

1. Taking the free exploration of scientists as the driving force, the main goal is to study the basic laws of various substances and their movements in nature, to understand the interaction between nature and human society;;

2. With national will and social demand as the main orientation, the main goal is to develop the economy and promote technological progress through market demand and feedback.

Mr. Guangzhao always insists on reforming the Chinese Academy of Sciences by adapting to the situation of the times.In the 1980s, he proposed the policy of “openness, flow, competition, and union” and the “one house, two systems”., Management model and management system. “At the eighth academician conference in 1996, he also emphasized: “The reform and development of the Academy of Sciences is to break the closed state formed by the period of the planned economy system and rebuild the academy of the academy of scientists and the National People’s Sciences of the whole society and the whole society.””It is necessary to use the development performance of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to prove the value of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”Mr. Guang Zhao’s strategic idea of seeking truth and praise pointed out the direction of science for the later development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Promoting basic research is the historical responsibility of the Chinese science and technology community

In the mid -to -late 1990s, while my country’s economy and society developed rapidly, problems such as energy, resources, and ecological environment were increasingly prominent.At the 75th academic seminar at the Xiangshan Science Conference, Mr. Guangzhao proposed: “Can China’s existing resources and conditions support China’s development goals? China’s population accounts for about 22%of the world;; Energy accounts for 10%of the world, and with coal as the main body.(gross domestic product)When it reaches $ 7,000, Chinese energy cannot bear.”

Lack of resources, increasing international competition, independent innovation capabilities, especially in lack of original innovation, and industrial development model based on simply introducing technology and tracking imitation technology, becoming a strategic adjustment of my country’s economic structure and improving the overall national competitiveness of China Highlights.

In the face of these major problems in my country’s development, there are no models to learn from, nor can external forces rely on.Based on the in -depth observation of scientific development laws and the forefront of the world science, Mr. Guangzhao always conducted in -depth research and thinking from the perspective of a strategic scientist. Starting from the long -term interests of the country, he proposed a series of strategic ideas and behaviors of basic research on basic research.Effective strategic measures.

He believes that “in order to realize modernization, new development ideas must be used, and the important role of technological innovation and knowledge economy must be played.”Emphasize the need to fully mobilize the initiative and creativity of scientists, strengthen the ability of primitive innovation, and provide support for economic and social development.In addition, Mr. Guang Zhao also proposed the strategic idea of “double -drive”, that is, basic research relying on scientists’ curiosity in exploring natural phenomena and laws, and relying on their high sense of responsibility and historical mission of the country and the people.This unique insight provides a solid theoretical basis for the unity of realizing national strategy and scientific exploration.

The “973” plan, as the banner of the basic research work in my country, has poured a lot of effort on Mr..During the 13 years as the leader of the consultant team, he proposed a series of forward -looking ideas, the strategic positioning, scientific evaluation, the combination of upstream and downstream of the innovation chain, the integration of talent training, resource allocation, and the construction style construction of the “973” plan, etc.They all have profound and systematic thinking, forming a system of basic research and development ideological system with Chinese characteristics.It can be said that the “973” plan is one of the most important key tasks for Mr. Guangzhao in his later years.Without him, there was no brilliant achievement that the “973” plan was.His last effort was also used on the “973” plan.On November 15, 2011, the expert group meeting. In his speech, he recalled the past and systematically summarized the successful experience of the “973” plan and made a prospect of the future of the “973” plan.When it comes to the setbacks and hardships encountered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences that year, I sat next to him and felt the flickering and excitement in his eyes, and I realized that it was not easy.I sometimes feel blame. I was thinking that if he didn’t invite him to report that day, maybe he would not be tired.Therefore, when he took over as the leader of the consultant team in his hand, I felt that it was not only an important job, but also a heavy responsibility that I kept the ardent expectation.I dare not have half slack.

Mr. Guangzhao has always regarded basic research and development as the historical responsibility of the Chinese science and technology community. He believes that in the context of international competition, only the status of basic research and the historical mission, mastering and mastering and mastering and mastering of science and technology workers in the development of basic researchParticipate in the discovery of the latest scientific and technological knowledge can China’s sustainable development and the forest of the world nation.

Academic democracy and freedom are the only way for prosperity and science

The pursuit of academic democracy and freedom is Mr. Guangzhao’s pursuit of consistent spirit.In the 1970s, in the exploration of the principle of hydrogen bomb no information for reference, Zhou Guangzhao, Deng Jiaxian, and Yu Min and other gentlemen were opened to open the “release meeting” and played it.Specializing in the education of the “three old and four strictness”, vigorously emphasize that everyone is equal in front of the truth, advocate collective research, carry forward democracy, brainstorm, and suggest suggestions.In such a free and democratic academic atmosphere, the principle of hydrogen bomb made breakthrough progress.From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, the United States took 7 years and 4 months, the Soviet Union used 4 years, France used 8 years and 6 months, while my country only used 2 years and 8 months.In 2005, Mr. Guang Zhao recalled this glory years, and said specially: “Academic democracy and free discussion are the most valuable spiritual wealth; there is no spiritual pursuit of scientific democracy, our atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs will not break through so quickly”, “Different opinions are the important driving force for development of science. “Different views reflect both scientific perspectives and academic thoughts, but also reflecting academic thoughts and scientific spirit, constitute an extremely important part of science, and have a very important role in the development of science.He once pointed out: “Academic criticism should be normal, but domestic is not good, especially criticism authority, which has almost become a vacuum.” “Once authoritative or leaders speak, no one else speaks or no one dares to speak.

Mr. Guang Zhao always has an example of academic freedom, and hundreds of schools are contending. At the same time, he always adheres to administrative non -interfering academic academics, emphasizes that administrative services must be done well, providing better conditions for better academic development, and eliminating obstacles for academic research.

To tell the truth and tell the truth, it is the deepest impression left by my husband. He mentioned to me many times that if science has no academic freedom and democracy, and in terms of seniority, the future development of Chinese science is worrying.

Academic tolerance is a scientific attitude of materialism

“A scientist must not only pay attention to theory, but also pay attention to experiments; the theory and the experimental results are certainly worthy of happiness; howeverThe lack of theory or experiments may cause new breakthroughs. “This is a famous saying that Mr. Guang Zhao said.

In response to the number of blind pursuits in my country’s scientific and technological community, he is sharply criticized: “To avoid the emergency effort of the evaluation system, to promote the spirit of grinding a sword for ten years, and guide scientists to engage in work with a more long -term impact and significant scientific significance.” EssenceHe proposed to take primitive innovation ability as an important indicator of evaluation, so that the most creative ideas can be strongly supported.It is necessary to promote the research of cross -disciplinary disciplines, and the interdisciplinary discovery and innovation are most likely to produce breakthroughs.

The growth of young talents is the future of national development

Mr. Guangzhao attaches great importance to talents, especially the cultivation of young talents, and encourage young people to make any progress.Mr. Guang Zhao has repeatedly emphasized that innovation should be people -oriented on different occasions, and young people are the hope of the country and career. He highlights: “To vigorously cultivate high -level young scientific and technological talents. To build an innovative country, we must create a large number of modern technology andHumanistic knowledge and creative talents have formed an innovative team with strategic leadership, long -view inspiration, cohesion and creativity. “

For the growth of young people, since the 1960s, he personally taught young people. At the beginning of my country’s nuclear weapons development, Chinese researchers were still unfamiliar with basic theories such as explosive bombing theory and shock wave theory.Mr. Guangzhao systematically told young people about the knowledge of nuclear weapons physics in the keenness of a theoretical physicist, and he was engaged in basic research in particle physics during the Soviet Union.Mr. Guang Zhao used his profound knowledge and hard work. He first studied it and taught it to young people. His research spirit and practical actions set an example for young people.

Scientific morality is the core connotation of the scientific spirit

While serving as the dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mr. Guang Zhao proposed that academicians should become an active promoter and national science and technology worker in scientific morality.At the work meeting of the Joint Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1994, he emphasized that academicians must become a role model for the scientific and technological community to adhere to the rigorous, serious, and strict scientific attitude and practical facts.At the 1996 Academician Conference, Mr. Guang Zhao also seriously proposed: “The fraud and hypocritical wind in society have affected the scientific and technological circles. In recent years, in the work of project establishment, results evaluation, and title evaluation,, I even ignore scientific norms, do not talk about scientific morality, exaggerate bragging, falsify, and often happen … “Mr. Guang Zhao’s serious criticism of the year still shocked his ears today, which is thoughtful.The Academic Department and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are the highest academic institutions and the highest academic titles in the scientific and technological community, with lofty authority and honor.We must inherit the fine traditions of senior scientists, adhere to the truth, seek truth from facts, rigorously study, meticulous, strictly discipline ourselves, selfless dedication, and weigh the society with true knowledge and lofty morals, and promote the healthy development of society.

Humans have a civilized record that it has continued for 6000 years. The development of human beings has benefited from the continuous cognition of nature and obtaining resources that depends on survival.How to promote the sustainable development of humans for 6000 years?What can we contribute to the future?This is a deep topic that requires us to answer together.But I think that studying and learning the spirit and morality of Mr. Zhao can give us very beneficial inspiration.

Salute to Mr. Guangzhao!